Ensinar literatura e cultura portuguesas a alunos migrantes: Estratégias inovadoras e perspectivas críticas para a promoção do gosto e conhecimento literários
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2025
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O artigo discute a complexidade do ensino de Literatura e Cultura Portuguesas a alunos migrantes em Portugal, dada a crescente população de estudantes estrangeiros, que duplicou nos últimos dois anos lectivos e representa um em cada seis alunos no país. Esta situação exige estratégias inovadoras. O texto critica o estatuto curricular precário da disciplina de Português Língua Não Materna (PLNM), que continua sujeita a soluções ad hoc de contratação, resultando em descontinuidades e ofertas educativas muito díspares. Defende-se a criação de um grupo de recrutamento específico para PLNM no sistema educativo português. Para promover a educação intercultural, que a mera presença de diversas nacionalidades não garante, os professores de PLNM devem ter formação aprofundada em literatura mundial, para construir pontes entre a literatura portuguesa e as literaturas do mundo. Sugere-se a retextualização de textos canónicos para os níveis iniciais de PLNM (a partir de B1) e a exploração de literatura infantil e juvenil, embora não exclusivamente. A literatura é vista como o meio para formar a consciência da língua, situá-la no tempo e nos textos, e ir além de exemplos pragmáticos. Propõe-se o uso de tecnologias digitais e projectos como o “Branding the Canon” e o Atlas LITESCAPE.PT para despertar a curiosidade literária e ligar a literatura ao território. Por fim, recomenda-se explorar a literatura que retrata o português como emigrante e o estrangeiro em Portugal, criando uma ponte de identificação cultural e alívio psicológico para os alunos migrantes.
The article discusses the complexity of teaching Portuguese Literature and Culture to migrant students in Portugal, given the growing population of foreign students, which has doubled in the last two school years and represents one in every six students in the country. This situation demands innovative strategies. The text criticizes the precarious curriculum status of the Portuguese as a Non-Mother Tongue (PLNM) subject, which continues to be subject to ad hoc contracting solutions, resulting in discontinuities and very disparate educational offerings. The creation of a specific recruitment group for PLNM in the Portuguese education system is advocated. To promote intercultural education, which the mere presence of diverse nationalities does not guarantee, PLNM teachers should have in-depth training in world literature to build bridges between Portuguese literature and world literatures. Retextualization or adaptation of canonical texts is suggested for initial PLNM levels (starting at B1), along with the exploration of children and young adult literature, though not exclusively. Literature is seen as the means to shape language awareness, situate it in time and in texts, and go beyond pragmatic examples. The use of digital technologies and projects such as "Branding the Canon" and the LITESCAPE.PT Atlas is proposed to awaken literary curiosity and connect literature to the territory. Finally, it is recommended to explore literature that portrays the Portuguese as an emigrant and the foreigner in Portugal, creating a bridge for cultural identification and psychological relief for migrant students.
The article discusses the complexity of teaching Portuguese Literature and Culture to migrant students in Portugal, given the growing population of foreign students, which has doubled in the last two school years and represents one in every six students in the country. This situation demands innovative strategies. The text criticizes the precarious curriculum status of the Portuguese as a Non-Mother Tongue (PLNM) subject, which continues to be subject to ad hoc contracting solutions, resulting in discontinuities and very disparate educational offerings. The creation of a specific recruitment group for PLNM in the Portuguese education system is advocated. To promote intercultural education, which the mere presence of diverse nationalities does not guarantee, PLNM teachers should have in-depth training in world literature to build bridges between Portuguese literature and world literatures. Retextualization or adaptation of canonical texts is suggested for initial PLNM levels (starting at B1), along with the exploration of children and young adult literature, though not exclusively. Literature is seen as the means to shape language awareness, situate it in time and in texts, and go beyond pragmatic examples. The use of digital technologies and projects such as "Branding the Canon" and the LITESCAPE.PT Atlas is proposed to awaken literary curiosity and connect literature to the territory. Finally, it is recommended to explore literature that portrays the Portuguese as an emigrant and the foreigner in Portugal, creating a bridge for cultural identification and psychological relief for migrant students.
Keywords
Education, Teaching, Migration, PLNM, Language, Culture, PLNM, Literature
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presentation
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Open Access